Men may choose to have breast reduction surgery, known medically as gynecomastia surgery, to address enlarged or overdeveloped breast tissue, a condition called gynecomastia. This condition can occur at any age, but is often observed during periods of hormonal changes, such as puberty or as a result of medication use. It is characterised by excess glandular tissue, fat, or both, leading to the appearance of "male breasts." Gynecomastia may cause psychological issues and pain, swelling, and breast sensitivity.
The process begins with a thorough preoperative consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon. During this visit, our surgeon will review the patient’s medical history, conduct a physical examination, and discuss the patient’s goals and expectations for the surgery.
The surgeon may order blood tests, hormone level assessments, or imaging studies (like mammography or ultrasound) to rule out any underlying conditions that could be causing gynecomastia, such as hormonal imbalances, tumours, or certain medications.
Based on the severity of gynecomastia and the patient's body type, our surgeon will discuss the most appropriate surgical techniques and incision patterns.
The patient will receive instructions on preparing for surgery, including guidelines on medications, smoking cessation, and avoiding certain supplements that can increase bleeding.
Fasting for at least 6-8 hours before surgery is typically required.
Arrangements should be made for transportation and postoperative care, as patients will not be able to drive immediately after the procedure.
On the day of surgery, the patient is taken to the operating room, and anaesthesia is administered. Gynecomastia surgery is typically performed under general anaesthesia, ensuring the patient is asleep and pain-free throughout the procedure.
In some cases, local anaesthesia with sedation may be used for less extensive procedures, depending on the surgeon's recommendation and the patient's comfort level.
Before starting the surgery, the surgeon will make precise markings on the chest while the patient is in a standing or upright position. These markings serve as a guide for incision placement, tissue removal, and sculpting during the procedure.
The choice of incision technique depends on the type and severity of gynecomastia, whether it involves primarily excess glandular tissue, fat, or a combination of both. The most common surgical techniques include:
Using the chosen incision technique, the surgeon carefully removes excess fat and glandular tissue. In cases involving the excision technique, the surgeon may also remove a portion of skin and reposition the nipple-areola complex to a more natural position, if necessary.
The surgeon sculpts the chest to achieve a flat, masculine contour that complements the patient's body proportions. The goal is to ensure symmetry and a natural-looking result.
Once the desired contour is achieved, the incisions are closed with sutures. The surgeon may use deep sutures to provide additional support to the newly contoured chest and minimise the risk of complications. Surface sutures, surgical tape, or skin adhesives are used to close the skin.
In some cases, small drainage tubes may be placed to help remove excess fluid or blood that could accumulate in the surgical area. These drains are usually removed within a few days after surgery.
After the incisions are closed, sterile dressings are applied to the surgical site to protect the incisions and reduce the risk of infection.
A compression garment is fitted over the chest area. This garment helps minimise swelling, supports the healing tissues, and helps the chest conform to its new shape.
After surgery, the patient is monitored in a recovery area until they are awake and stable. They are then discharged with postoperative care instructions. In most cases, gynecomastia surgery is performed on an outpatient basis, allowing the patient to go home the same day.
Pain, swelling, and bruising are common in the first few days following surgery. These symptoms are managed with prescribed pain medications, cold compresses, and proper rest.
Patients are instructed to avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and exercises that could strain the chest muscles for several weeks. Light activities and walking are encouraged to promote circulation and reduce the risk of blood clots.
Follow-up consultations are scheduled to monitor the healing process and assess for potential complications such as infection, hematoma, or poor wound healing.
During these consultations, the surgeon will evaluate the surgical results and ensure the patient is progressing well.
Like any surgical procedure, gynecomastia surgery carries potential risks and complications, such as infection, bleeding, scarring, changes in nipple sensation, asymmetry, and, rarely, contour irregularities. Most complications are rare and can be minimised by following the surgeon’s postoperative care instructions carefully.
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